The formation and adherence to defense and security pacts among Islamic countries in West Asia have been one of the most significant strategic and security issues over the past few decades. While Islamic countries in West Asia face numerous differences in their political, economic, and cultural structures, the issue of convergence and divergence in defense and security pacts in this region is recognized as one of the major challenges. This article, inspired by Buzan's theory within the framework of regional security, examines the factors influencing convergence or divergence in defense and security pacts among Islamic countries and the resistance front. In this research, the required data has been collected from Persian and English sources. Analytical methods include content analysis of textual articles and scientific reports, as well as the examination of quantitative and qualitative data related to defense and security pacts. This article seeks to answer the question of which factors influence the convergence and divergence of defense and security pacts in West Asia by utilizing the theoretical framework of Buzan's regional security complex theory and employing an analytical-comparative method based on empirical evidence and scholarly sources. The findings of the research indicate that convergence and divergence in defense and security pacts among Islamic countries in West Asia are influenced by geographical factors, the anarchic nature of the region, the presence of multiple polarizations, historical legacies, as well as political, economic, cultural, and ideological factors.